Veljo Tormis wrote his Kurvameelsed laulud (Melancholy Songs) in 1979, and dedicated it to the conductor Neeme Järvi, who was persona non grata in the Soviet Union since 1978. Thus, Tormis was told to cross out the dedication on the first page of the manuscript. However, he refused to do so, and covered it up with a strip of dark paper instead. The dedication is faintly visible through the paper. The manuscript was accepted, and later archived in this form. On a later copy, which also belongs to the same collection, the dedication is rewritten and formulated as a dedication to Neeme Järvi's leaving the homeland. Järvi emigrated to the United States in 1980.
Kurvameelsed laulud is not the most famous work by Tormis, but the manuscript is a unique and notable rarity as a reflection of the struggle with Soviet censorship.
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Tallinn Müürivahe 12, Estonia 10146
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The cantata Lenini sõnad (Lenin's Words) is a purely ironic work. It was formally dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Soviet Union. Tormis used extracts of texts by Vladimir Lenin. The irony lies in the fact that these were extracts which demanded equality between nations and the right of self-determination. Since the author was Lenin himself, the authorities could not blame Tormis for anything. Whether the authorities understood the irony or not remains unknown.
It has not been widely performed, and even not at all since the restoration of independence, but it is often quoted in the press as a curious case. This cantata is definitely not forgotten. For example, Lenini sõnad was one of the works mentioned in the obituaries of Tormis.
The original manuscript and a later written copy are currently stored in the Estonian Theatre and Music Museum.
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Tallinn Müürivahe 12, Estonia 10146
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In 1948, Jonynas openly criticised the final thesis by the student F. Levitac ‘The Struggle by the Lithuanian Communist Party against the Fascist Regime in 1934–1936’, for its poor academic and professional quality. Levitac was a member of the Communist Party, and Jonynas’ remarks caused a severe reaction from the university council. He was accused of ‘bourgeois nationalism’. Jonynas gave a speech to the university council in which he accepted his ‘political and ideological mistakes’. This helped him to keep his academic position at Vilnius University. The document illustrates very well the dramatic situation of a talented scholar and intellectual who made a career in interwar Lithuania under Stalinism.
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Vilnius Žygimantų gatvė 1, Lithuania 01143
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The year 1983 was the 100th anniversary of the Lithuanian newspaper Aušra. This newspaper, edited by Jonas Basanavičius, played an important role in the Lithuanian national rebirth in the 19th century. Aušra was an illegal newspaper, published in Prussia and smuggled into the Russian Empire. A conference on Aušra was held in Soviet Lithuania, at which Vebra was not allowed to give a presentation. Nevertheless, he stood up to make a comment, and expressed his dissatisfaction with the situation in the state of research into this important issue.
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Vilnius Žygimantų gatvė 1, Lithuania 01143
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During his detention in Mordovia in 1963-1969, Knuts Skujenieks wrote several hundred poems. He was allowed to send two letters a month, and sent poems in letters to his wife which were read by his colleagues. After his release, he composed a collection of poetry, but it could not be published until 1990, and was only published in its entirety in his complete works in 2002. As Skujenieks said, this poetry ‘is not "gulag" poetry, but poetry written in the gulag [...] The initial shock and protest gradually turned into a fight in prison within myself' (Bitite Vinklers. Introduction. In: Seed in Snow. Poems by Knuts Skujenieks. Rochester, NY: BOA Editions, 2016, p. 9).
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Rīga Mūkusalas iela, Latvia 1048
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In the Manuscript of Jan Čep, a book of the week for the radio broadcast of Radio Free Europe was prepared. In this paper, he introduced the novel ‘Fox and Camelia’ by Italian writer Ignazio Silone, to the audience behind the Iron Curtain. The novel is based on the contrasts of political ideology and human honesty, against the privacy of man to the indiscriminate means of political struggle. It condemns the conviction of certain methods of political struggle and violence. The presentation of this book was probably broadcasted on July 1st, 1960.
Jan Čep had been contributing with the Book of the Week for almost fifteen years, from the start of the broadcast in 1951 until 1965. He was a member of Radio Free Europe with authors who have not been allowed to publish in the Communist countries. Jan Čep selected for this program mainly Catholic-oriented writers and new French and Anglo-American literature. Čep's work could not be published for almost forty years in Czechoslovakia. Until 1989, his work done under exile was also made available to Czech readers. His texts from the Book of the Week program in 2015 thanks to Petr Komenda and Jan Zatloukal, who worked on the materials from the archives of the Institute of Slavonic Studies in Paris, where Jan Čep lived in exile, was made available too. The machine-readable text of this program is located in this Parisian archive.
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Na Zátorách 6, 170 00 Praha 7 - Holešovice, Czech Republic
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Vincas Pietaris (1850–1902) was a Lithuanian national activist and writer. He is famous for writing Algimantas, the first historical novel in Lithuanian. The novel was published for the first time in the United States in 1904–1906. (It was published for the second time in interwar Lithuania.) The novel takes a popular approach to the formation of the Medieval Lithuanian state, and the heroic struggles between the Lithuanian dukes and their enemies. By glorifying Lithuania's past, it influenced Romantic nationalism. Because of this, Algimantas became very popular in interwar Lithuania.
However, the novel and its author were practically unknown in Soviet Lithuania. Gediminas Ilgūnas started to work on his biography of Pietaris in about 1980. He travelled twice to Russia, where Pietaris had lived and died. The biography was published during Gorbachev's perestroika in 1987. At that time, various historical studies and popular works about the history of the Lithuanian state were becoming more popular among different sections of the population. Various historical issues relating to the Medieval and modern state were being discussed in the Sąjūdis press. The biography of Vincas Pietaris was part of this growing movement. The novel Algimantas was published later in 1989, and became very popular with the Lithuanian public.
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10102 Vilnius O. Milašiaus gatvė 19 , Lithuania
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Ez a környezetvédők által összeállított, Budapest Főváros Levéltárában őrzött, kézzel rajzolt térkép a gát várható katasztrofális következményeire hívja fel a figyelmet Magyarország és Csehszlovákia közös határa mentén. Bemutatja a környezet várható súlyos károsodását (a vízfelület összezsugorodását, az iszaposodást, a gyomosodást, a partmenti erdősáv pusztulását stb.). A dokumentum a várható belvíz veszélyre is felhívta a figyelmet. A térkép alapján jól látható, hogy a leginkább fenyegetett magyarországi térség a Szigetköz és a Dunakanyar volt.
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A map of the so-called “Second Object of the forced labour camp in Belene on the island Persin”, drawn by Krum Horozov, a former detainee in the camp, especially for the collection of his friend and also detainee in the forced labor camp Petko Ogoyski. The drawings of Krum Horozov give an insight of the organization and life in the forced labour camps in Bulgaria between the 1950s and the 1960s. They are used in commemorations, publications, exhibitions as symbols of the repressive character of the socialist regime.
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Bulgaria, 1554, Sofia, Chepintsi, ul. Nadezhda 3
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The footage follows Margaret Thatcher's visit to Gdansk in 1988. Thatcher met with opposition leaders and discussed situation in Poland. Material gives insight into the reality of the last years of socialist Poland. It shows the admiration for Western leaders and the efforts of Polish hosts to impress the foreign guest. It also vividly shows ties between the democratic opposition and the Catholic Church.
In the footage Thatcher participates in a dinner party, hosted by Fr. Henryk Jankowski at the vicarage of St. Brygida Church (an unofficial church of the Gdansk's opposition). Despite serious deficiencies in the country, British Prime Minister is being hosted with great honours and the abundant dinner includes roasted pheasants. The video is a raw footage, recorded with an amateur camera, perfectly capturing the atmosphere of this meeting.
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