The union was founded in 1966 in East Berlin, as an association for artists and scientists who were active within theatres and theatre research. The union facilitated collaboration between the state and organisations in the field of culture, supported the exchange programmes between theatre staff, and provided professional and youth training.

The union included five sections and numerous working groups, such as theatre science, theatre critique and stage design. Financially the union was supported by the state and member dues.

The union was dismantled at the end of 1990 following the reunification.